CLEFT CHRONICLES: UNVEILING THE MYSTERIES BEHIND LIP AND PALATE ANOMALIES

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) represent complex congenital conditions that not only affect the physical appearance but also have significant implications for various aspects of function including speech, feeding, aesthetics and overall quality of life. Oro-facial cleft deformities may occur alone or in combination with congenital heart diseases. It is estimated that cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurs at a frequency of approximately 1 in every 800 newborn babies on a global scale. Managing CLP necessitates a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach involving professionals from various fields such as Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic surgery, Otolaryngology, Speech therapy, Orthodontics and others.

Surgical interventions are often crucial for achieving definitive correction of CLP. These procedures aim to repair the clefts and restore both form and function. However, non-surgical treatments also play essential roles in the management of CLP. Orthopedic devices and passive appliances like Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM) are employed to shape the alveolar segments and address associated nasal deformities. Timely treatment tailored to the patient's age is essential for achieving functional and aesthetic well-being. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CLP, covering various aspects including its embryology, etiology, clinical presentation, timing of surgical interventions and management.